{"id":45919,"date":"2023-05-24T19:59:37","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T10:59:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.com\/jp\/?p=45919&#038;post_type=knowledgebase&#038;preview_id=45919"},"modified":"2025-10-02T04:46:40","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T19:46:40","slug":"what-is-typescript","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.com\/jp\/blog\/what-is-typescript\/","title":{"rendered":"TypeScript\u3068\u306f\uff08\u57fa\u672c\u3084\u9b45\u529b\u3092\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306b\u89e3\u8aac\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5909\u5316\u306e\u6fc0\u3057\u3044IT\u696d\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001JavaScript\u306f\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u8a00\u8a9e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001JavaScript\u306e\u52d5\u7684\u306a\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u306f\u3001\u6642\u306b\u5384\u4ecb\u306a\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u958b\u767a\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u521d\u671f\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u56f0\u96e3\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/kinsta.com\/javascript\/\">JavaScript<\/a>\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u66f8\u304d\u65b9\u306b\u9769\u547d\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059<a href=\"https:\/\/kinsta.com\/jp\/blog\/typescript-5-0\/\">TypeScript<\/a>\u306e\u767b\u5834\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u306f\u3001TypeScript\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u6df1\u304f\u6398\u308a\u4e0b\u3052\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3001\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u3001\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u30d7\u30e9\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9\u306b\u8feb\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001TypeScript\u304cJavaScript\u306e\u5236\u9650\u306b\u3044\u304b\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5805\u7262\u3067\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u306a\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u9759\u7684\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u304c\u3069\u3046\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u306e\u304b\u3082\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u308c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u672c\u984c\u306b\u9032\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<br \/>\n<div><\/div><kinsta-auto-toc heading=\"Table of Contents\" exclude=\"last\" list-style=\"arrow\" selector=\"h2\" count-number=\"-1\"><\/kinsta-auto-toc><\/p>\n<h2>TypeScript\u3068\u306f<\/h2>\n<p>TypeScript\u306f\u3001JavaScript\u306e\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u3001JavaScript\u306b\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u9759\u7684\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u3068\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002Microsoft\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u958b\u767a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30022012\u5e74\u306b\u30ea\u30ea\u30fc\u30b9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u958b\u767a\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3067\u5e83\u304f\u63a1\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2022\u5e74\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f<a href=\"https:\/\/survey.stackoverflow.co\/2022\/#section-most-loved-dreaded-and-wanted-programming-scripting-and-markup-languages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stack Overflow\u306e\u958b\u767a\u8005\u8abf\u67fb<\/a>\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001TypeScript\u306f73.46%\u30674\u756a\u76ee\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6280\u8853\u3068\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3002TypeScript\u306f\u3001JavaScript\u306e\u5236\u9650\u4e8b\u9805\u3067\u3042\u308b\u5f37\u3044\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306aJavaScript\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-js\">function add(a, b) {\n  return a + b;\n}\n\nlet result = add(10, \"20\"); \/\/ No error, but result is \"1020\" instead of 30<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u7684\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u3055\u308c\u305f\u95a2\u6570<code>add<\/code>\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f15\u6570<code>a<\/code>\u3068<code>b<\/code>\u306e\u578b\u306f\u5f37\u5236\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6570\u5024\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u6e21\u3057\u3066\u3082\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306b\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5024\u304c\u9023\u7d50\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4e88\u671f\u305b\u306c\u52d5\u4f5c\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TypeScript\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u9759\u7684\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u304c\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/kinsta.com\/jp\/blog\/types-of-developers\/\">\u958b\u767a\u8005<\/a>\u306f\u5909\u6570\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3001\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u958b\u767a\u4e2d\u306b\u578b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">function add(a: number, b: number): number {\n  return a + b;\n}\n\nlet result = add(10, \"20\"); \/\/ Error: Argument of type 'string' is not assignable to parameter of type 'number'<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u306eTypeScript\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf<code>a<\/code>\u3068<code>b<\/code>\u306e\u578b\u304c\u6570\u5024\u3068\u3057\u3066\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u304c\u6e21\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001TypeScript\u306f\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u6642\u306b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u767a\u751f\u3055\u305b\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u554f\u984c\u3092\u65e9\u671f\u306b\u767a\u898b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<aside role=\"note\" class=\"wp-block-kinsta-notice is-style-info\">\n            <h3>Info<\/h3>\n        <p>Microsoft\u306fTypeScript\u306e\u4fdd\u5b88\u3068\u6539\u5584\u306b\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3093\u3067\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u30ea\u30ea\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u3042\u308b<a href=\"https:\/\/kinsta.com\/jp\/blog\/typescript-5-0\/\">TypeScript 5.0<\/a>\u306a\u3069\u3001\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u5f37\u5316\u3084\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u5411\u4e0a\u3092\u56f3\u3063\u305f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u306b\u30ea\u30ea\u30fc\u30b9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n\n\n<h2>TypeScript\u306e\u7279\u5fb4<\/h2>\n<p>TypeScript\u306f\u3001JavaScript\u306e\u5236\u9650\u306e\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306b\u5bfe\u51e6\u3059\u308b\u3001\u6700\u65b0\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/kinsta.com\/web-development\/\">\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u958b\u767a<\/a>\u306b\u6b20\u304b\u305b\u306a\u3044\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u8a87\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u958b\u767a\u8005\u306e\u4f53\u9a13\u3068\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u69cb\u6210\u304c\u5f37\u5316\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<div><\/div><kinsta-auto-toc list-style=\"decimal\" selector=\"h3\" count-number=\"7\" sub-toc=\"true\"><\/kinsta-auto-toc>\n<h3>1. \u9759\u7684\u306a\u578b\u4ed8\u3051<\/h3>\n<p>TypeScript\u306f\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u6642\u306b\u5909\u6570\u3084\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u578b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u578b\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u65e9\u671f\u306b\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308a\u3001\u30d0\u30b0\u306e\u767a\u751f\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65b9\u3001JavaScript\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5909\u6570\u306f\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u306b\u578b\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306eJavaScript\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u3055\u308c\u305f2\u3064\u306e\u5909\u6570\uff08\u6570\u5024\u3068\u6587\u5b57\u5217\uff09\u3092\u5ba3\u8a00\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-js\">let num1 = 10; \/\/ num1\u3092\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\nlet num2 = \"20\"; \/\/ num2\u3092\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\n\nlet result = num1 + num2; \/\/ \u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u6642\u306b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u306a\u3044\nconsole.log(result); \/\/ \u51fa\u529b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\uff1a\"1020\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6570\u5024\u3068\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u306e\u9023\u7d50\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300c1020\u300d\u304c\u51fa\u529b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u672c\u6765\u671f\u5f85\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7d50\u679c\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304c\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002JavaScript\u306e\u6b20\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u3053\u3053\u3067\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u6295\u3052\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002TypeScript\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5404\u5909\u6570\u306e\u578b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">let num1: number = 10; \/\/ num1\u3092\u9759\u7684\u306b\u6570\u5024\u3068\u3057\u3066\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\nlet num2: string = \"20\"; \/\/ num2\u3092\u9759\u7684\u306b\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3068\u3057\u3066\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\n\nlet result = num1 + num2; \/\/ \u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\uff1aType 'string' is not assignable to type 'number'<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001<code>+<\/code>\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u6570\u5024\u3068\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3092\u9023\u7d50\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u6642\u306b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001TypeScript\u304c\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u578b\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TypeScript\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u578b\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u30d0\u30b0\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5805\u7262\u3067\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u306e\u306a\u3044\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u306e\u9078\u629e<\/h3>\n<p>TypeScript\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9759\u7684\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u67d4\u8edf\u306b\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5909\u6570\u3084\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u578b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5024\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066TypeScript\u304c\u81ea\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u578b\u3092\u63a8\u6e2c\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">let num1: number = 10; \/\/ \u6570\u5024\u3068\u3057\u3066\u9759\u7684\u306b\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\nlet num2 = \"20\"; \/\/ \u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a18\u8ff0\n\nlet result = num1 + num2; \/\/ \u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\uff1aOperator '+' cannot be applied to types 'number' and 'string'<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001<code>num2<\/code>\u306e\u578b\u306f\u3001\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u3089\u308c\u305f\u5024\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066<code>string<\/code>\u3068\u63a8\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u578b\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u307e\u305f\u3001\u578b\u3092<code>any<\/code>\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u5024\u3067\u3082\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">let num1: number = 10;\nlet num2: any = \"20\";\n\nlet result = num1 + num2; \/\/ \u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\uff1aOperator '+' cannot be applied to types 'number' and 'string'<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>3. ES6+\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd<\/h3>\n<p>TypeScript\u306f\u3001ECMAScript 6\uff08ES6\uff09\u4ee5\u964d\u306e\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3001\u6700\u65b0\u306eJavaScript\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30a2\u30ed\u30fc\u95a2\u6570\u3001\u5206\u5272\u4ee3\u5165\u3001\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3088\u308a\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u529b\u8c4a\u304b\u306a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u578b\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">const greeting = (name: string): string =&gt; {\n  return `Hello, ${name}!`; \/\/ \u30a2\u30ed\u30fc\u95a2\u6570\u3068\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\n};\n\nconsole.log(greeting(\"John\")); \/\/ \u51fa\u529b\uff1aHello, John!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30ed\u30fc\u95a2\u6570\u3068\u30c6\u30f3\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30c8\u30ea\u30c6\u30e9\u30eb\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306eJavaScript\u306e\u69cb\u6587\u306b\u5171\u901a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u6574\u7406<\/h3>\n<p>JavaScript\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u306b\u3064\u308c\u3066\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5225\u3005\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3057\u3001\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u56f0\u96e3\u306b\u306a\u308a\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3059\u3002TypeScript\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u6574\u7406\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u540d\u524d\u7a7a\u9593\u306e\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u304c\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5225\u3005\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u5185\u306b\u30ab\u30d7\u30bb\u30eb\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u3068\u7dad\u6301\u304c\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">\/\/ greeting.ts:\nexport function greet(name: string): string { \/\/ \u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u30a8\u30af\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\n  return `Hello, ${name}!`;\n}\n\n\/\/ app.ts:\nimport { greet } from \".\/greeting\"; \/\/ \u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u304b\u3089\u30a4\u30f3\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\n\nconsole.log(greet(\"John\")); \/\/ \u51fa\u529b\uff1aHello, John!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001<strong>greeting.ts<\/strong>\u3068<strong>app.ts<\/strong>\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<strong>app.ts<\/strong>\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306f\u3001<code>import<\/code>\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066<strong>greeting.ts<\/strong>\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u304b\u3089<code>greet<\/code>\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<strong>greeting.ts<\/strong>\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306f\u3001<code>export<\/code>\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066<code>greet<\/code>\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u30a8\u30af\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3067\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u69cb\u6210\u3068\u61f8\u5ff5\u4e8b\u9805\u306e\u5206\u96e2\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u30fb\u7dad\u6301\u304c\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TypeScript\u306e\u540d\u524d\u7a7a\u9593\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5316\u3057\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d0\u30eb\u306a\u540d\u524d\u7a7a\u9593\u306e\u6c5a\u67d3\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u3001\u5909\u6570\u306e\u96c6\u5408\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30ca\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">namespace Utilities {\n  export function greet(name: string): string {\n    return `Hello, ${name}!`;\n  }\n  \n  export function capitalize(str: string): string {\n    return str.toUpperCase();\n  }\n}\n\nconsole.log(Utilities.greet(\"John\")); \/\/ \u51fa\u529b\uff1aHello, John!\nconsole.log(Utilities.capitalize(\"hello\")); \/\/ \u51fa\u529b\uff1aHELLO<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001<code>namespace Utilities<\/code>\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3001<code>greet<\/code>\u3068<code>capitalize<\/code>\u3068\u3044\u30462\u3064\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u542b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u306f\u3001\u540d\u524d\u7a7a\u9593\u540d\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u95a2\u6570\u540d\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u3066\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u6307\u5411\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\uff08OOP\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>TypeScript\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3001\u7d99\u627f\u306a\u3069\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/kinsta.com\/blog\/python-object-oriented-programming\/\">OOP<\/a>\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u5316\/\u6574\u7406\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">class Person {\n  constructor(public name: string) {} \/\/ \u30b3\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30af\u30bf\u3067\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\n  greet(): string { \/\/ \u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3067\u5185\u3067\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\n    return `Hello, my name is ${this.name}!`;\n  }\n}\n\nconst john = new Person(\"John\"); \/\/ \u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\nconsole.log(john.greet()); \/\/ \u51fa\u529b\uff1aHello, my name is John!<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>6. \u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u578b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0<\/h3>\n<p>TypeScript\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ea\u30af\u30b9\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u3092\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u578b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u7528\u610f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001TypeScript\u306e\u9759\u7684\u306a\u578b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u6a5f\u80fd\u304c\u5f37\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5805\u7262\u3067\u8868\u73fe\u529b\u8c4a\u304b\u306a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ea\u30af\u30b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ea\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u578b\u3092\u6271\u3046\u518d\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ea\u30af\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u3084\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306b\u6e21\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5024\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u306b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3001\u578b\u306e\u30d7\u30ec\u30fc\u30b9\u30db\u30eb\u30c0\u30fc\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001<code>T<\/code>\u578b\u306e\u5f15\u6570\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308a\u3001\u540c\u3058\u578b\u306e\u5024<code>T<\/code>\u3092\u8fd4\u3059\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u95a2\u6570identity\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">function identity(value: T): T {\n  return value;\n}\n\nlet num: number = identity(10); \/\/ T\u304c\u6570\u5024\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a8\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u308b\nlet str: string = identity(\"hello\"); \/\/ T\u304c\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3068\u3057\u3066\u63a8\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u6e21\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5024\u306e\u578b\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u578b<code>T<\/code>\u304c\u63a8\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002identity\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066<code>10<\/code>\u3092\u6e21\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001<code>T<\/code>\u306f\u6570\u5024\u3068\u63a8\u8ad6\u3055\u308c\u30012\u756a\u76ee\u306e\u4f7f\u3044\u65b9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5f15\u6570\u3068\u3057\u3066<code>\"hello\"<\/code>\u3092\u6e21\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001<code>T<\/code>\u306f\u6587\u5b57\u5217\u3068\u63a8\u8ad6\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u30e6\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u3068\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/strong>\uff1a\u30e6\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u3068\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u578b\u3092\u5408\u6210\u3057\u3001\u3088\u308a\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u578b\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30e6\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u306f\u30012\u3064\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u578b\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3001\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u578b\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3092\u6301\u3061\u5f97\u308b1\u3064\u306e\u578b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u30012\u3064\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u578b\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u3001\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u578b\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u306e\u3042\u308b1\u3064\u306e\u578b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u793e\u54e1\u3068\u30de\u30cd\u30fc\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u3092\u8868\u3059<code>Employee<\/code>\u3068<code>Manager<\/code>\u3068\u3044\u30462\u3064\u306e\u578b\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">type Employee = { name: string, role: string };\ntype Manager = { name: string, department: string };<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u578b<code>Employee<\/code>\u3068<code>Manager<\/code>\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3001<code>Employee<\/code>\u307e\u305f\u306f<code>Manager<\/code>\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308b\u30e6\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u578b<code>EmployeeOrManager<\/code>\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">type EmployeeOrManager = Employee | Manager; \/\/ \u30e6\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u578b\n\nlet person1: EmployeeOrManager = { name: \"John\", role: \"Developer\" }; \/\/ Employee\u307e\u305f\u306fManager<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001<code>person1<\/code>\u5909\u6570\u306f<code>EmployeeOrManager<\/code>\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<code>Employee<\/code>\u307e\u305f\u306f<code>Manager<\/code>\u306e\u3044\u305a\u308c\u304b\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u4ee3\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u307e\u305f\u3001<code>Employee<\/code>\u3068<code>Manager<\/code>\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306e\u578b\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u578b<code>EmployeeOrManager<\/code>\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">type EmployeeAndManager = Employee & Manager; \/\/ \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u578b\n\nlet person2: EmployeeAndManager = { name: \"Jane\", role: \"Manager\", department: \"HR\" }; \/\/ Employee\u3068Manager\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001<code>person2<\/code>\u5909\u6570\u306f<code>EmployeeAndManager<\/code>\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001<code>Employee<\/code>\u3068<code>Manager<\/code>\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u6e80\u305f\u3059\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>7. JavaScript\u3068\u306e\u4e92\u63db\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>TypeScript\u306fJavaScript\u306e\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a2d\u8a08\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6709\u52b9\u306a JavaScript\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u6709\u52b9\u306aTypeScript\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u66f8\u304d\u76f4\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306eJavaScript\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306bTypeScript\u3092\u7c21\u5358\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TypeScript\u306fJavaScript\u4e0a\u306b\u69cb\u7bc9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u9759\u7684\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u7d20\u306eJavaScript\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306eJavaScript\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb<strong>app.js<\/strong>\u304c\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001<strong>app.ts<\/strong>\u306b\u540d\u524d\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u3066\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306eJavaScript\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5909\u66f4\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306a\u304f\u3001TypeScript\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u5c11\u3057\u305a\u3064\u4f7f\u3044\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002TypeScript\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306eJavaScript\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u6709\u52b9\u306aTypeScript\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u3001TypeScript\u304cJavaScript\u3068\u30b7\u30fc\u30e0\u30ec\u30b9\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u4f8b\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-js\">\/\/ app.js - \u65e2\u5b58\u306eJavaScript\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\nfunction greet(name) {\n  return \"Hello, \" + name + \"!\";\n}\n\nconsole.log(greet(\"John\")); \/\/ \u51fa\u529b\uff1aHello, John!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8a18\u306eJavaScript\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092<strong>app.ts<\/strong>\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u3066\u3001TypeScript\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u59cb\u3081\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">\/\/ app.ts - JavaScript\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092TypeScript\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3046\nfunction greet(name: string): string {\n  return \"Hello, \" + name + \"!\";\n}\n\nconsole.log(greet(\"John\")); \/\/ \u51fa\u529b\uff1aHello, John!<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001name\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u578b\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u3001<code>string<\/code>\u3001TypeScript\u3067\u306f\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b8b\u308a\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306fJavaScript\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3059\u3002TypeScript\u306fJavaScript\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u305f\u578b\u30a2\u30ce\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u578b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306eJavaScript\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306bTypeScript\u3092\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u5c0e\u5165\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>TypeScript\u306e\u5229\u7528\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u308b<\/h2>\n<p>TypeScript\u306f\u516c\u5f0f\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30e9\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/kinsta.com\/jp\/blog\/what-is-npm\/\">npm\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066<\/a>\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3067TypeScript5.0\u306e\u5229\u7528\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u3067\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm install -D typescript<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30e9\u304c<strong>node_modules<\/strong>\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3055\u308c\u3001<code>npx tsc<\/code>\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u5b9f\u884c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>JavaScript\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u307e\u305a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u521d\u671f\u5316\u3057package.json\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npm init -y<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b21\u306b\u3001TypeScript\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u3001\u62e1\u5f35\u5b50<strong>.ts<\/strong>\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066TypeScript\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3001TypeScript\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>TypeScript\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3089\u3001TypeScript\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30e9\uff08<code>tsc<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066JavaScript\u306b\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u3067\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">npx tsc .ts<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u5185\u306eTypeScript\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u304cJavaScript\u306b\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u3055\u308c\u3001\u540c\u3058\u540d\u524d\u306e<strong>.js<\/strong>\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u304c\u751f\u6210\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306eJavaScript\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u5185\u3067\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u3055\u308c\u305fJavaScript\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002Node.js\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066<a href=\"https:\/\/kinsta.com\/blog\/node-js-developer-salary\/\">Node.js<\/a>\u74b0\u5883\u3067JavaScript\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u3057\u305fJavaScript\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092<a href=\"https:\/\/kinsta.com\/jp\/blog\/what-is-html\/\">HTML<\/a>\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u542b\u3081\u3066\u30d6\u30e9\u30a6\u30b6\u3067\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u4f7f\u3046<\/h2>\n<p>TypeScript\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306econtract\u3084shape\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u304c\u6e96\u62e0\u3059\u3079\u304d\u69cb\u9020\u3084\u5f62\u72b6\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u304c\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u4e92\u63db\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6301\u3064\u3079\u304d\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u3084\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3001\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b\u6ce8\u91c8\u3092\u6271\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/kinsta.com\/blog\/php-editor\/\">IDE<\/a>\u3067\u306e\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u9759\u7684\u578b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3068\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u88dc\u5b8c\u306e\u63d0\u6848\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u3001TypeScript\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">interface Person {\n  firstName: string;\n  lastName: string;\n  age: number;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001<code>Person<\/code>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u30013\u3064\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\uff08<code>firstName<\/code>\u306f<code>string<\/code>\u3001<code>lastName<\/code>\u306f<code>string<\/code> \u3001<code>age<\/code>\u306f<code>number<\/code>\uff09\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e3\u3064\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u578b\u3067\u6301\u3064\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306f\u3001<code>Person<\/code>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u4e92\u63db\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3067\u306f\u3001<code>Person<\/code>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">let person1: Person = {\n  firstName: \"John\",\n  lastName: \"Doe\",\n  age: 30\n};\n\nlet person2: Person = {\n  firstName: \"Jane\",\n  lastName: \"Doe\",\n  age: 25\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001<code>Person<\/code>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b2\u3064\u306e\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8<code>person1<\/code>\u3068<code>person2<\/code>\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e21\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3068\u3082\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3<code>firstName<\/code>\u3001<code>lastName<\/code>\u3001<code>age<\/code>\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u578b\u3067\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001<code>Person<\/code>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3068\u4e92\u63db\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u62e1\u5f35<\/h3>\n<p>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u3066\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u7d99\u627f\u3057\u305f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">interface Animal {\n  name: string;\n  sound: string;\n}\n\ninterface Dog extends Animal {\n  breed: string;\n}\n\nlet dog: Dog = {\n  name: \"Buddy\",\n  sound: \"Woof\",\n  breed: \"Labrador\"\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3<code>name<\/code>\u3068<code>sound<\/code>\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9<code>Animal<\/code>\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b<code>Animal<\/code>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u62e1\u5f35\u3057\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3<code>breed<\/code>\u3092\u8ffd\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u300cDog\u300d\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<code>Dog<\/code>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u306f<code>Animal<\/code>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u7d99\u627f\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001<code>Dog<\/code>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3<code>name<\/code>\u3068<code>sound<\/code>\u3082\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30ca\u30eb\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3<\/h3>\n<p>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u3082\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u540d\u306e\u5f8c\u306b<code>?<\/code>\u304c\u4ed8\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">interface Car {\n  make: string;\n  model: string;\n  year?: number;\n}\n\nlet car1: Car = {\n  make: \"Toyota\",\n  model: \"Camry\"\n};\n\nlet car2: Car = {\n  make: \"Honda\",\n  model: \"Accord\",\n  year: 2020\n};<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3<code>make<\/code>\u3068<code>model<\/code>\u3092\u6301\u3064\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9<code>Car<\/code>\u3067\u3001\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3<code>year<\/code>\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<code>year<\/code>\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u306f\u5fc5\u9808\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001<code>Car<\/code>\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3059\u308b\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3082\u6301\u305f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u5f97\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u578b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af<\/h2>\n<p>TypeScript\u3067\u306f\u3001<strong>tsconfig.json<\/strong>\u306b\u578b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u7528\u610f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001TypeScript\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306e\u578b\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u5f37\u5316\u3057\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u6642\u306b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3088\u308a\u5805\u7262\u3067\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. strictNullChecks<\/h3>\n<p><code>true<\/code>\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001TypeScript\u306f\u53b3\u5bc6\u306anull\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u5b9f\u65bd\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001<code>null<\/code>\u307e\u305f\u306f<code>undefined<\/code>\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u578b\u3092\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u9650\u308a\u3001\u5909\u6570\u306f<code>null<\/code>\u307e\u305f\u306f<code>undefined<\/code>\u306e\u5024\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-json\">{\n  \"compilerOptions\": {\n    \"strictNullChecks\": true\n  }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001TypeScript\u306f\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u6642\u306b<code>null<\/code>\u3084<code>undefined<\/code>\u306e\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u5024\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3001<code>null<\/code>\u3084<code>undefined<\/code>\u5909\u6570\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u3084\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u306e\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u9632\u3050\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">\/\/ \u4f8b1\uff1a\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u304c'null'\u3067\u3042\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\nlet obj1: { prop: string } = null;\nconsole.log(obj1.prop);\n\n\/\/ \u4f8b2\uff1a\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u304c'undefined'\u3067\u3042\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\nlet obj2: { prop: string } = undefined;\nconsole.log(obj2.prop);<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>2. strictFunctionTypes<\/h3>\n<p><code>true<\/code>\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001TypeScript\u306f\u95a2\u6570\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u305a\u308c\u3092\u542b\u3080\u95a2\u6570\u578b\u306e\u53b3\u5bc6\u306a\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u3057\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u578b\u306e\u4e92\u63db\u6027\u304c\u53b3\u3057\u304f\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-json\">{\n  \"compilerOptions\": {\n    \"strictFunctionTypes\": true\n  }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001TypeScript\u306f\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u6642\u306b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u95a2\u6570\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u578b\u306e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u306b\u4e0d\u6b63\u306a\u5f15\u6570\u3092\u6e21\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u308b\u5b9f\u884c\u6642\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u9632\u3050\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">\/\/ \u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\uff1aArgument of type 'number' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string'\nfunction greet(name: string) {\n  console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);\n}\n\ngreet(123);<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>3. noImplicitThis<\/h3>\n<p><code>true<\/code>\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001TypeScript\u306f\u6697\u9ed9\u306e<code>any<\/code>\u578b\u3092\u6301\u3064<code>this<\/code>\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3092\u7981\u6b62\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3067<code>this<\/code>\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u3046\u308b\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3061\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-json\">{\n  \"compilerOptions\": {\n    \"noImplicitThis\": true\n  }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6709\u52b9\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001TypeScript\u306f\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u3067\u9069\u5207\u306a\u578b\u6ce8\u91c8\u3084\u30d0\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u884c\u308f\u305a\u306b<code>this<\/code>\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u751f\u3058\u308b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30c1\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">\/\/ \u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\uff1aThe 'this' context of type 'void' is not assignable to method's 'this' of type 'MyClass'\nclass MyClass {\n  private prop: string;\n\n  constructor(prop: string) {\n    this.prop = prop;\n  }\n\n  printProp() {\n    console.log(this.prop);\n  }\n}\n\nlet obj = new MyClass(\"Hello\");\nsetTimeout(obj.printProp, 1000); \/\/ 'this'\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30af\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u5931\u308f\u308c\u305f\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>4. \u30bf\u30fc\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8<\/h3>\n<p><code>target<\/code>\u306f\u3001TypeScript\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306eECMAScript\u30bf\u30fc\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002TypeScript\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30e9\u304c\u51fa\u529b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u751f\u6210\u3059\u3079\u304dJavaScript\u306e\u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-json\">{\n  \"compilerOptions\": {\n    \"target\": \"ES2018\"\n  }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u300c<strong>ES2018<\/strong>\u300d\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001TypeScript\u306fECMAScript 2018\u306b\u6e96\u62e0\u3057\u305fJavaScript\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6700\u65b0\u306eJavaScript\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3084\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u53e4\u3044JavaScript\u74b0\u5883\u3068\u306e\u5f8c\u65b9\u4e92\u63db\u6027\u3082\u78ba\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5. \u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb<\/h3>\n<p><code>module<\/code>\u306f\u3001TypeScript\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u300c<strong>CommonJS<\/strong>\u300d\u3001\u300c<strong>AMD<\/strong>\u300d\u3001\u300c<strong>ES6<\/strong>\u300d\u3001\u300c<strong>ES2015<\/strong>\u300d\u306a\u3069\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001TypeScript\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306bJavaScript\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u304c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-json\">{\n  \"compilerOptions\": {\n    \"module\": \"ES6\"\n  }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u300c<strong>ES6<\/strong>\u300d\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001TypeScript\u306fECMAScript 6\u306e\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u69cb\u6587\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308bJavaScript\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u751f\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001ECMAScript 6\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3059\u308b\u6700\u65b0\u306eJavaScript\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070webpack\u3084Rollup\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u30d0\u30f3\u30c9\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u30d5\u30ed\u30f3\u30c8\u30a8\u30f3\u30c9\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u4f5c\u696d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u4fbf\u5229\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6. noUnusedLocals\u3068noUnusedParameters<\/h3>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u306e\u30ed\u30fc\u30ab\u30eb\u5909\u6570\u3068\u95a2\u6570\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30c1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><code>true<\/code>\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5ba3\u8a00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u30ed\u30fc\u30ab\u30eb\u5909\u6570\u3084\u95a2\u6570\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u30b3\u30f3\u30d1\u30a4\u30eb\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-json\">{\n  \"compilerOptions\": {\n    \"noUnusedLocals\": true,\n    \"noUnusedParameters\": true\n  }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8907\u6570\u3054\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001TypeScript\u306e<strong>tsconfig.json<\/strong>\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306b\u3042\u308b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30aa\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u307b\u3093\u306e\u4e00\u4f8b\u306b\u904e\u304e\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.typescriptlang.org\/tsconfig\">\u516c\u5f0f\u30c9\u30ad\u30e5\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8<\/a>\u3092\u3054\u89a7\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>TypeScript\u306e\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8\u30d7\u30e9\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9<\/h2>\n<h3>1. \u5909\u6570\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3001\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b\u306b\u9069\u5207\u306a\u6ce8\u91c8\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u308b<\/h3>\n<p>TypeScript\u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u30e1\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u306e1\u3064\u306f\u3001\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5909\u6570\u3001\u95a2\u6570\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b\u3092\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u53ef\u8aad\u6027\u304c\u5411\u4e0a\u3057\u3001\u578b\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u65e9\u671f\u306b\u767a\u898b\u3057\u3001IDE\u3067\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3067\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u88dc\u5b8c\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">\/\/ \u5909\u6570\u578b\u306e\u9069\u5207\u306a\u6ce8\u91c8\nlet age: number = 25;\nlet name: string = \"John\";\nlet isStudent: boolean = false;\nlet scores: number[] = [98, 76, 89];\nlet person: { name: string, age: number } = { name: \"John\", age: 25 };\n\n\/\/ \u95a2\u6570\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u623b\u308a\u5024\u306e\u578b\u306e\u9069\u5207\u306a\u6ce8\u91c8\nfunction greet(name: string): string {\n  return \"Hello, \" + name;\n}\n\nfunction add(a: number, b: number): number {\n  return a + b;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>2. TypeScript\u306e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u578b\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u6d3b\u7528\u3059\u308b<\/h3>\n<p>TypeScript\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3001\u30e6\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u4ed8\u304d\u3001\u30de\u30c3\u30d7\u306a\u3069\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u578b\u6a5f\u80fd\u304c\u8c4a\u5bcc\u306b\u7528\u610f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u3001\u67d4\u8edf\u3067\u518d\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u4e0a\u3067\u6709\u7528\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4f8b\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">\/\/ \u30b8\u30a7\u30cd\u30ea\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u518d\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u95a2\u6570\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\nfunction identity(value: T): T {\n  return value;\n}\n\nlet num: number = identity(42); \/\/ \u63a8\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u578b\uff1a\u6570\u5024\nlet str: string = identity(\"hello\"); \/\/ \u63a8\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u578b\uff1a\u6587\u5b57\u5217\n\n\/\/ \u30e6\u30cb\u30aa\u30f3\u578b\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u8907\u6570\u306e\u578b\u3092\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\nfunction display(value: number | string): void {\n  console.log(value);\n}\n\ndisplay(42); \/\/ \u6709\u52b9\ndisplay(\"hello\"); \/\/ \u6709\u52b9\ndisplay(true); \/\/ \u30a8\u30e9\u30fc<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>3. TypeScript\u3067\u4fdd\u5b88\u304c\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u306a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u66f8\u304f<\/h3>\n<p>TypeScript\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u3001\u30e2\u30b8\u30e5\u30fc\u30eb\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\u306e\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u30b9\u30b1\u30fc\u30e9\u30d6\u30eb\u306a\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u66f8\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u63a8\u5968\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u4f8b\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">\/\/ \u5951\u7d04\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\ninterface Person {\n  name: string;\n  age: number;\n}\n\nfunction greet(person: Person): string {\n  return \"Hello, \" + person.name;\n}\n\nlet john: Person = { name: \"John\", age: 25 };\nconsole.log(greet(john)); \/\/ \"Hello, John\"\n\n\/\/ \u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u306e\u5229\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30ab\u30d7\u30bb\u30eb\u5316\u3068\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\nclass Animal {\n  constructor(private name: string, private species: string) {}\n\n  public makeSound(): void {\n    console.log(\"Animal is making a sound\");\n  }\n}\n\nclass Dog extends Animal {\n  constructor(name: string, breed: string) {\n    super(name, \"Dog\");\n    this.breed = breed;\n  }\n\n  public makeSound(): void {\n    console.log(\"Dog is barking\");\n  }\n}\n\nlet myDog: Dog = new Dog(\"Buddy\", \"Labrador\");\nmyDog.makeSound(); \/\/ \"Dog is barking\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>4. TypeScript\u306e\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3068IDE\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3059\u308b<\/h3>\n<p>TypeScript\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u88dc\u5b8c\u3001\u578b\u63a8\u8ad6\u3001\u30ea\u30d5\u30a1\u30af\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3001\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u5099\u3048\u305f\u3001\u512a\u308c\u305f\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3084IDE\u3092\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3066\u751f\u7523\u6027\u3092\u5411\u4e0a\u3055\u305b\u3001\u958b\u767a\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u65e9\u3044\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30e9\u30fc\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u5f97\u7b56\u3067\u3059\u3002Visual Studio Code\u306a\u3069\u306eTypeScript\u5bfe\u5fdc\u306eIDE\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/marketplace.visualstudio.com\/items?itemName=ms-vscode.vscode-typescript-next\">TypeScript\u30d7\u30e9\u30b0\u30a4\u30f3<\/a>\u3092\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u7de8\u96c6\u304c\u3088\u308a\u4e00\u5c64\u6357\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1600px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kinsta.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/vscode-extension-typescript.jpg\" alt=\"VS\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306eTypeScript\u30a8\u30af\u30b9\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\" width=\"1600\" height=\"877\"><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">VS\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306eTypeScript\u30a8\u30af\u30b9\u30c6\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h2>\u307e\u3068\u3081<\/h2>\n<p>TypeScript\u306f\u3001\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u958b\u767a\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u5927\u5e45\u306b\u5f37\u5316\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5f37\u529b\u306a\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u5e45\u5e83\u304f\u642d\u8f09\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9759\u7684\u578b\u4ed8\u3051\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u306a\u578b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30aa\u30d6\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u6307\u5411\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u6a5f\u80fd\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\u3001\u62e1\u5f35\u6027\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5805\u7262\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8cb4\u91cd\u306a\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001TypeScript\u306e\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3084IDE\u306e\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30b7\u30fc\u30e0\u30ec\u30b9\u306a\u958b\u767a\u4f53\u9a13\u304c\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sevalla.com\/application-hosting\/\">Kinsta\u306e\u30a6\u30a7\u30d6\u30a2\u30d7\u30ea\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc<\/a>\u3092\u3054\u5229\u7528\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002\u3059\u3050\u306b\u5229\u7528\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u3001TypeScript\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u30b3\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5909\u5316\u306e\u6fc0\u3057\u3044IT\u696d\u754c\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001JavaScript\u306f 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